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Тема: Собирались людоеды в Давосе

  1. #21
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    Пyмяyx** вне форума Основатель движения, Administrator, координатор по Израилю,

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    Селин, в этом меня не обвинял даже Мегабит.
    На смёпках с 1 Израильской

    Хочу переделать мир. Кто со мной?

  2. #22
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    Между прочим, когда ты рассказываешь мне о каких-то событиях из твоей жизни, я слышу только одну сторону. И тоже могу предположить, что ты каким-то образом приукрасила события. Нет, не наврала, но пересказала расставив свои акценты.
    На смёпках с 1 Израильской

    Хочу переделать мир. Кто со мной?

  3. #23
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    А вот она!

    http://earth-chronicles.ru/news/2013-01-27-38416

    На Всемирном форуме в Давосе рассматривали вопросы принудительной эвтаназии и борьбы с инопланетянам

    Помимо экономических вопросов, в повестке дня Всемирного экономического форума в Давосе значатся такие темы, как неконтролируемое использование геоинженерных технологий, медицинское вмешательство в мозг человека, существование внеземных цивилизаций и продление человеческой жизни


    Дискуссионная панель, которая так и называется "Х-фактор", подготовлена при поддержке общенаучного журнала "Природа" (Nature). Помимо традиционных тем - искусственное изменение климата, электронное управление лесными пожарами и развитие геоинженерии - к списку тем "Х-фактора" добавились риски искусственного продления человеческой жизни, искусственное увеличение когнитивных возможностей человека, а также угрозы, исходящие от внеземных цивилизаций.


    По мнению ученых, в ближайшее время у человечества появятся медицинские препараты, которые смогут провоцировать у людей супер-способности. Поскольку сейчас ученые всего мира работают над созданием лекарств против таких заболеваний, как болезнь Альцгеймера и шизофрения, то вполне вероятно, что в ближайшем будущем появятся новые препараты по стимулированию мозговой деятельности у обычных людей. Сейчас уже существуют психостимуляторы "Риталин" и модафинил, которые активизируют когнитивную деятельность мозга человека. Но, несмотря на то, что все эти препараты создаются исключительно для людей с умственными заболеваниями, нельзя исключать, что они будут использованы здоровыми людьми, чтобы лучше запоминать информацию и показывать высокие результаты на работе или в учебе.


    К тому же ученые соглашаются, что развитие супер-способностей человека возможно при помощи высокотехнологичных электронных устройств. Проведенные опыты показали, что улучшить работу мозга и память можно с помощью вживленных в человеческий организм электронных датчиков. Но такой метод технологически сложен и вряд ли будет доступен обычному человеку, в отличие от медицинских препаратов. Тем не менее ученые считают, что через десять лет нейробиология выйдет на новый уровень, тогда внутримозговые электронные датчики и сенсоры будут повсеместно распространены. Но тут ученые задаются вопросом, будет ли этически правильно делить общество на тех, кто может себе позволить улучшить работу мозга или нет, должны ли подобные препараты поступить в свободную продажу и нужна ли для этого законодательная база.


    К тому же велик риск, что подобного рода разработки попадут в плохие руки и будут использоваться в корыстных целях. Воздействуя на нейромедиаторную систему мозга, они не только увеличивают человеческую память и активизируют работу мозга, но также влияют на психологическое состояние человека, делая его управляемым и уязвимым к программированию на определенные задачи. К тому же подобная технология позволяет стирать память, что может нанести непоправимый урон мозговой деятельности человека. Ученые опасаются, что препараты и технологии по увеличению когнитивной работы мозга могут попасть в распоряжение криминальных группировок или террористических организаций, которые будут использовать их против человечества.







    Другая тема - возросшие проблемы из-за увеличения продолжительности жизни. Новейшие медицинские разработки позволили продлить жизнь человека на 35%. С одной стороны, это хорошо, но с другой стороны, возникает большое число проблем, например, финансовые затраты на социальные выплаты и перенаселение планеты.


    Специалисты считают, что единственное решение этих проблем - принудительная эвтаназия долгожителей. Сторонники такого метода считают, что благодаря развитию медицинских технологий даже самые слабые и болезненные люди могут прожить до 90 или 100 лет. А это может привести к резкому увеличению населения планеты, к тому же это противоречит закону природы, где выживают сильнейшие. Поэтому для сокращения численности населения долгожителей стоит использовать эвтаназию, считают эксперты.


    И наконец, самая неоднозначная тема дискуссии – существование внеземных цивилизаций. Многие мировые лидеры не раз делали заявления о существовании инопланетян. Так, в декабре 2012 года премьер-министр России Дмитрий Медведев в интервью журналистам пошутил на тему существования инопланетян. "Сколько их [инопланетян] среди нас я рассказывать не буду, поскольку это может вызвать панику", - шутливо заметил Медведев. Но на этом интерес к теме о существовании внеземных цивилизаций не закончился, о чем свидетельствует соответствующая дискуссия в повестке дня на форуме в Давосе.


    Эксперты форума соглашаются, что в результате освоения космоса в конечном итоге человечество обнаружит существование внеземной цивилизации и откроет новые планеты. "Вероятно, через десять лет мы узнаем, что Земля не единственная планета Вселенной, на которой есть жизнь", - считают участники форума. В результате, эксперты призывают мировое сообщество готовиться к встрече с внеземной цивилизацией и оценить вероятные угрозы такой встречи. Также возникнет необходимость создания специальных служб по обнаружению внепланетных и внеземных цивилизаций, которые помогут предупредить угрозу, исходящую из космоса.


    Тем не менее эксперты соглашаются, что даже если внеземная цивилизация будет обнаружена, это не сильно изменит человеческую жизнь. Несмотря на то, что это открытие станет сенсацией года, вряд ли оно моментально повлияет на жизнь на Земле. Но в долгосрочной перспективе подобное открытие изменит психологическое и философское сознание человека. "Даже открытие возможного зачатка жизни на другой планете вызовет разговоры о возможном существовании жизни во Вселенной, что в свою очередь подорвет основы философии и религии", - считают эксперты форума.
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  4. #24
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    Цитата Сообщение от Пyмяyx** Посмотреть сообщение
    Селин, в этом меня не обвинял даже Мегабит.
    Я тебя ни в чем не обвиняю!



  5. #25
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    Цитата Сообщение от Пyмяyx** Посмотреть сообщение
    Между прочим, когда ты рассказываешь мне о каких-то событиях из твоей жизни, я слышу только одну сторону. И тоже могу предположить, что ты каким-то образом приукрасила события. Нет, не наврала, но пересказала расставив свои акценты.
    44

    Твое право так считать. Тем более, что ты их достоверность проверить не можешь.



  6. #26
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    Charter for Healthy
    Living
    January 2013
    A report from the World Economic Forum’s Healthy Living Initiative
    Prepared in collaboration with Bain & Company

    © World Economic Forum
    2013 - All rights reserved.


    No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
    including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.

    The views expressed are those of certain participants in the discussion and do not necessarily

    reflect the views of all participants or of the World Economic Forum.


    REF11012013


    3
    Charter for Healthy Living
    Contents
    Preface
    4

    Executive summary
    5

    Charter for Healthy Living
    6

    Health and Well-being: Fundamental
    Socio-economic Pillars of our societies
    9

    Multistakeholder Action: The Only Way to
    Create System-level Change
    13

    Charter for Healthy Living will Deliver
    Multistakeholder Action
    18

    Appendices
    20

    Contributors
    21

    References
    The World Economic Forum is pleased to present the Charter
    for Healthy Living, which is the outcome of a 12-month process
    engaging governments, businesses and civil society around the
    world.
    The Charter’s main goal is to bring together public, private and
    civil society actors to deliver concrete multistakeholder actions
    that enable individuals, families and communities worldwide to
    lead healthy and active lives. To progress towards this goal, the
    Charter outlines specific focus areas for multistakeholder action,
    provides principles for building a shared mindset, leverages each
    stakeholder’s core competencies and stresses the importance of
    continuously monitoring and evaluating the actions implemented.
    The Forum’s overall strategy for global health addresses two major
    gaps: 1) enabling healthy and productive lives and access to care,
    and 2) making health and healthcare an investment for economic
    development and growth. Implementing the Charter for Healthy
    Living addresses the first gap. To address the second gap – the
    dimensions of supply and demand for health from a systems
    perspective – the Forum has also facilitated strategic discussions
    and country-specific workshops on how health systems could be
    organized in the future to achieve sustainability.
    As part of the Charter’s development, the Forum engaged over
    150 leaders of government, business, civil society, international
    organizations and academia in multistakeholder consultations
    held in Mexico, the United States, Switzerland, Thailand and India.
    Nearly 30 one-on-one executive-level interviews were conducted
    with cross-sector global leaders. Through this process, the Forum
    catalysed excitement in Mexico and India, which are now moving
    forward with implementing collaborative actions.
    An outstanding group of Forum partners and constituents
    contributed tremendous leadership, technical expertise and
    extensive time to this initiative through their engagement in the
    Working Group and the High-level Steering Board. These advisory
    groups are included in this report.
    The report aims to introduce the Charter to a broader audience. It
    carries the message that many public and private stakeholders are
    aligned with the goal of collaborative Healthy Living actions. It also
    highlights the widespread conviction among all the leaders involved
    that multistakeholder efforts are the key to transforming the current
    health landscape, in which non-communicable diseases are a main
    source of mortality, morbidity and lost economic output.
    The Forum welcomes this shared belief and is committed to
    providing a neutral platform for developing and implementing such
    multistakeholder actions in the coming months. I hope this Charter
    will encourage many other stakeholders to initiate or participate
    in joint actions to achieve our shared goal of healthy and active
    individuals, families and communities worldwide.
    Robert Greenhill
    Managing Director
    and Chief Business
    Officer
    World Economic
    Forum


    4
    Charter for Healthy Living
    Health defines an individual’s quality of life and impacts his
    or her social and economic development, but modern-day
    lifestyles challenge our health and Healthy Living. The decline in
    Healthy Living has resulted in an increase in non-communicable
    diseases (NCDs) – namely cardiovascular disease, cancer, type
    2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and mental ill
    health – which cause immense human suffering and even death.
    Economically, NCDs will cause an estimated cumulative output
    loss of US$ 47 trillion over the next two decades.
    What if we could change the trend of Healthy Living and create
    a community in which total well-being is enabled, supported and
    rewarded?
    In reality, encouraging Healthy Living will be challenging. Many
    interconnected drivers of Healthy Living interact with each other
    through a complicated network. For example, diet and access to
    professional preventative and diagnostic care are highly influenced
    by an individual’s environment and income. Effectively addressing
    Healthy Living in a sustainable and systemic way requires
    combining stakeholder efforts to enable conducive environments
    for Healthy Living and drive long-term behaviour changes.
    At the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012 in Davos-
    Klosters, global leaders called for more multistakeholder and
    cross-sector action to prevent NCDs. Specifically, leaders called
    for a Charter to bring together stakeholders for collaborative action
    to enable Healthy Living. The Charter was developed through
    extensive consultation with representatives from government,
    business and civil society, and defines the mutually agreed critical
    elements of success:
    1.

    Stakeholders take joint, concrete, economically sensible
    and evidence-based multistakeholder action to promote
    Healthy Living and NCD prevention and control, in which all
    stakeholders leverage their core competencies to:


    Build awareness for Healthy Living and NCD prevention and
    control


    Improve the availability of (and access to) products and
    services


    Create innovative incentives and supportive environments


    Invest in professional capacity building


    Advance knowledge through science and research.
    Executive Summary
    Healthy Living involves creating and
    maintaining health: a state of complete
    physical, mental and social well-being - not
    merely the absence of disease or infirmity
    2.

    Multiple stakeholders work together effectively, transparently
    and respectfully.
    3.

    All organizations advance their own approach to Healthy Living.
    4.

    Healthy Living actions are regularly monitored and evaluated.
    In the coming years, the Charter will facilitate multistakeholder
    action to change the course of Healthy Living. With the
    commitment to monitoring, evaluation and continuous learning,
    the quality and impact of multistakeholder action for Healthy
    Living will set a new standard and improve the lives of millions of
    people around the world. Together, stakeholders can deliver lasting
    change and real health outcomes.
    The Forum has begun engaging stakeholders and will continue to
    on-board additional representatives in the coming months. The
    Forum is seeking additional stakeholder support and opportunities
    to translate the Charter into action and would like to invite all
    stakeholders and sectors to embark on this journey towards
    Healthy Living.


    5
    Charter for Healthy Living
    Charter for Healthy Living
    - v1.0
    Committing to multistakeholder action
    Health and well-being are fundamental socio-economic pillars of
    all societies. Health is a basic human right and a driver of social
    and economic development. While gains have been made in
    worldwide health, the leading cause of death today, and for the
    foreseeable future, is the rise of NCDs. NCDs challenge our social
    and economic prosperity; they are expected to cause a cumulative
    global output loss of US$ 47 trillion over the next two decades.
    There is a moral imperative to maintain and improve the health of
    societies around the world.
    The time to act is now.
    Healthy Living involves creating and maintaining health: a state of
    complete physical, mental and social well-being – not merely the
    absence of disease or infirmity. The roots of Healthy Living are
    multilayered, influenced by social and environmental determinants
    as well as specific risky behaviours – especially tobacco use,
    unhealthy diets, harmful use of alcohol and physical inactivity. The
    lack of access to basic prevention, treatment and care further
    inhibits Healthy Living. All these factors are interconnected and
    influence everyday decisions.
    Given this complexity and interdependency, it is clear that enabling
    Healthy Living is not just a health agenda, but an imperative
    for all of society. To have a sustained impact, all stakeholders
    should work together to build environments in which healthy
    choices are the easiest choices. As acknowledged by the UN
    General Assembly, all stakeholders have an important role to
    play in NCD prevention and control. However, there is a clear
    need to strengthen coordination across multiple stakeholders to
    improve the effectiveness and impact of these efforts. The power
    of concerted joint action can achieve more than the sum of its
    individual components; a multistakeholder and cross-sectoral
    approach is the only way to facilitate the required system-level
    change.
    The Vision:


    Invest in professional capacity building
    within health and
    all other related sectors in order to
    train the future cadre
    of leaders in
    Healthy Living and to serve the health-related
    needs of individuals, families and communities


    Advance knowledge through science and research
    ; develop
    collaborative and innovative research programmes that
    address the fundamental drivers of Healthy Living
    2.

    Multiple stakeholders work together effectively,
    transparently and respectfully to:


    Build a shared mindset and joint ownership, find common
    ground, and commit to open and honest communication
    and mutual trust, while building collaborative bridges and
    aligning jointly defined goals


    Recognize shared objectives and the need for a unified
    community, acknowledging the specific roles and
    responsibilities of each stakeholder
    , all of whom bring
    unique strengths and capabilities to the collaborative work:


    Public sector
    – creates supportive environments that
    facilitate Healthy Living and multistakeholder action
    through effective international governance, national and
    local governments; use appropriate mechanisms that
    enhance coherent policy-making to promote health
    across ministries and agencies


    Private sector
    – builds and adapts commercial models to
    support Healthy Living; creates innovative approaches to
    increase the access, affordability and quality of products
    and services and leverages existing networks and
    organizational capabilities for multistakeholder actions


    Civil society, including academia


    advocates for Healthy
    Living through specific outreach programmes and
    grassroots mobilization; conducts research, generates
    and disseminates new knowledge, and supports
    monitoring activities, particularly those related to the
    effectiveness and impact of multistakeholder actions
    3.

    All organizations advance their own approach to Healthy
    Living,
    playing a leadership role within

    all sectors and peer
    groups and:


    Leverage core capabilities to promote and enable Healthy
    Living, building on existing stakeholder Healthy Living efforts


    Ensure high priority and appropriate resource allocation to
    Healthy Living actions


    Promote Healthy Living for employees and their families
    4.

    Healthy Living actions are regularly monitored and
    evaluated to:


    Ensure the independent, transparent and regular monitoring
    of processes, outputs and outcomes through jointly defined
    metrics, leveraging existing enablers where appropriate


    Create effective feedback loops to ensure that actions and
    impact are continuously improved upon


    Share successful
    high-impact, evidence-based Healthy
    Living solutions and relevant non-proprietary data with the
    broader community to help them learn from the collective
    experience
    Multistakeholder efforts can make major contributions to achieve
    the global target of a 25% reduction in premature mortality from
    NCDs by 2025. The Forum invites all stakeholders to share this
    vision with us and engage on this journey of multistakeholder
    action for Healthy Living.
    Public, private and civil society stakeholders
    working together to deliver a global paradigm
    shift towards Healthy Living, creating
    conducive environments and supporting
    healthy, active lifestyles at individual,
    community and societal levels
    5
    Charter for Healthy Living
    A global paradigm shift towards healthy living will happen
    when:
    1.

    Stakeholders take joint, concrete, and evidence-based
    multistakeholder action to promote Healthy Living and
    prevent and control NCDs. Taking actions that make
    economic sense for overall society, stakeholders leverage
    their core competencies to:


    Build awareness for Healthy Living and NCD prevention
    and control
    by proactively supporting and implementing
    health literacy campaigns, effectively marketing activities
    and harnessing social media to empower decision-making,
    especially within vulnerable groups


    Improve availability of (and access to) products and
    services
    that support the promotion and maintenance of
    Healthy Living, including the innovation and renovation of
    necessary products and services


    Create innovative incentives and supportive environments

    aimed at individuals, communities and businesses

    to
    make healthier choices easier and sustainable


    6
    Charter for Healthy Living
    Health and Well-being: Fundamental Socio-economic Pillars
    of our societies
    “The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is
    one of the fundamental rights of every human being without the
    distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social
    condition” (WHO, 194. With the ratification of the World Health
    Organization’s constitution in 1948, governments have had a
    strong mandate to support the health of their populations. At the
    time, health was defined as “a state of complete physical, mental
    and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
    infirmity”, yet today, health is still too often associated only with
    reacting to and treating disease.
    Healthy Living involves creating and maintaining heath; it is
    important because it defines individuals’ and societies’ quality of
    life and has a major impact on social and economic development.
    Instead of thinking about health as merely the absence of disease,
    what if health could be
    widely
    recognized more broadly as an
    optimal state of well-being? Imagine a community in which “great
    health” is as important as the level of education or social status,
    or where health education is as important as mathematics. In this
    community, the total well-being of individuals and families would
    be recognized as a priority and thus appreciated and rewarded.
    Making this vision a reality will require a new way of thinking about
    health – a mindset that makes “better health” prestigious and
    aspirational and gives health and wellness a brand that encourages
    positive behaviour (Anderson et al., 2011). Society needs to
    facilitate a conversation about promoting and creating sustainable
    health.
    Global Healthy Living faces many challenges
    For most societies, the factors that promote Healthy Living
    have changed over time as social and environmental trends
    have evolved and created new opportunities and challenges for
    modern living. In reality, the components of Healthy Living are
    highly interconnected and influence everyday decisions. Medicine
    has helped treat or prevent common communicable diseases,
    and access to information, professional medical advice and new
    technology has helped rural and remote communities better
    manage their health. However, some of the same technology has
    redefined the term “social networks” during this period, and the
    urban lifestyle has negatively affected levels of physical activity.
    More recently, economic uncertainty has placed many families, and
    even entire countries, under enormous levels of stress.
    In its simplest form, three main elements influence Healthy Living:
    changing global megatrends, increasing prevalence of risk factors
    and rising social pressures (Figure 1).

    Changing global megatrends
    The global population is ageing. By 2050, 22% of the
    world’s population will be over 60 years of age, compared
    to 11% today (UN, 2012). The implications for Healthy Living
    are evidenced by the disproportionally higher healthcare
    expenditure for older age groups (OECD, 2006). Ageing, as a
    megatrend, also increases the likelihood of other barriers to
    Healthy Living. For example, physiological risk factors such as
    obesity tend to increase with age, and typically peak at age
    60-70 (Sassi et al., 2009). Certain social pressures – such as
    poverty and social exclusion – also affect Healthy Living in
    ageing communities (UN, 2011a).
    Urbanization is another megatrend that has major implications
    for Healthy Living. Urbanization encourages passive forms of
    transport and thus increases physical inactivity (WHO, 2010a),
    which is one of the most significant risk factors for Healthy
    Living (WHO, 2012a). Rapid urbanization, particularly in low-
    and middle-income countries, can also lead to greater social
    pressures such as inadequate housing and limited access
    to basic health infrastructure. In addition, urban air pollution
    accounts for 1.2 million deaths per year (WHO, 2012a).
    Figure 1. Three major barriers to Healthy Living
    Source:
    World Economic Forum, Bain & Company
    1

    MU
    N
    Healthy
    Living

    -
    Poverty
    and
    relative
    position
    within
    social
    gradient

    -
    Disadvantages during early life
    -
    Social
    exclusion

    -
    Rising stress levels
    -
    Shift in work-life balance
    -
    Limited access to health services and infrastructure
    -
    Rising
    unemployment

    -I
    nadequate
    housing

    Physiological
    risk

    factors

    -
    Raised
    blood pressure

    -
    Obesity

    -
    Hyperglycaemia


    -
    Hypercholesterolaemia

    Behavioural

    risk

    factors

    -T
    obacco
    use

    -
    Physical
    inactivity

    -
    Harmful
    use
    of
    alcohol

    -
    Unhealthy
    diets

    Environmental
    risk

    factors

    -
    Unhygeinic
    conditions

    -
    Urban
    outdoor air
    pollution


    Environmental
    hazard
    s
    &
    climate
    change


    Growing
    middle
    class
    in
    emerging
    markets


    Intensifying
    competition
    for finite
    resources


    Ageing
    population


    Rapid
    unplanned
    urbanization


    Economic
    instability

    Growing prevalence of

    risk factors
    Rising
    social pressures
    Changing
    global megatrends
    B
    C
    A
    A


    13
    Charter for Healthy Living
    Charter for Healthy Living will Deliver Multistakeholder Action
    + 150 leaders consulted
    From public sector, private sector and civil
    society
    30 one-on-one executive-level
    interviews
    With global leaders representing all stake
    -
    holders
    Multistakeholder dialogues
    in Puerto Vallarta, New York,
    Bangkok, Geneva and NCR-Delhi
    Facilitating collaborative relationships for
    health between stakeholders and sectors
    The Charter allows stakeholders to
    collectively move from dialogue to action.
    Therefore it has an enormous potential to
    unlock the power and impact of
    multistakeholder collaborations.
    Julio Frenk
    , Dean, Harvard School of Public Health
    A group of inspired stakeholders called for a global Charter
    At the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012 in Davos-
    Klosters, world leaders called for a coordinated response to the
    Healthy Living challenge in the form of a Global Charter for Healthy
    Living. The Charter aims to provide a unifying framework that will
    bring together the different stakeholders to help them agree on a
    common goal and highlight the importance of independent and
    transparent monitoring.
    With this mandate, the Forum consulted with government and
    business leaders, as well as thought leaders from academia and
    civil society, over the last 12 months. Leveraging existing Forum
    regional sessions and creating specific meetings where necessary,
    there was an extensive consultation about the Charter’s vision and
    components. The Forum also established formal advisory panels
    (see Contributors) to provide strategic guidance and technical input
    as required.
    The vision unites multiple stakeholders
    Multistakeholder action is at the core of the Charter for Healthy
    Living. World leaders from all stakeholder groups unanimously
    called for more cross-sectoral and multistakeholder collaborations
    to implement solutions for Healthy Living.
    Leaders also called
    for translating dialogue into
    real
    action with tangible health
    outcomes. As captured in the Charter’s vision, this will require a
    comprehensive approach to Healthy Living action – enabling both
    conducive environments and encouraging individual behaviour
    change.


    Creating conducive environments
    is important to support
    individuals, families and communities in their daily lives and
    to be healthy in the long term. For some, enjoying public
    recreational space is not possible because it’s not safe or the
    necessary infrastructure does not exist. For others, healthy and
    affordable food options are simply not available. In 2003 the
    UK government was concerned about the health implications
    of the salt content in processed food products. Over the
    next seven years, the government focused on reducing salt
    consumption through an industry-wide reformulation initiative
    (See Insert 1 for more details).


    Individual behaviour change
    is particularly hard to achieve in
    the Healthy Living context. Many people around the world
    know what they would like to change (e.g. lose weight or
    stop smoking) but find it very hard to do so. In South Africa,
    Discovery introduced a multistakeholder, health-focused
    incentive programme to help encourage its members to invest
    in prevention and early diagnosis to ultimately create long-term
    behaviour changes (see Insert 2 for more details).
    Insert 3: News-Heartfile Public Awareness Campaign
    Promoting effective Healthy Living interventions in low-resource communities
    Established in 1998, Heartfile is an NGO with a focus on policy analysis and innovative solutions for improving health systems in
    Pakistan. The News-Heartfile public awareness campaign was launched in partnership with
    The News International
    , the largest-
    circulating English newspaper in Pakistan, which reaches over 2.5 million readers every day. The partnership yielded 259 health and
    Healthy Living-related articles in weekly instalments over a period of 130 consecutive weeks during the period February 1999 to
    March 2006. The specific topics varied, but included stress and stress management, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, cholesterol,
    depression and the harmful use of alcohol. Interim research suggested that the knowledge and attitudes of the readership base had
    improved as a result of the News-Heartfile public awareness campaign (Nishtar, 2004). The sample population of a post-intervention
    evaluation revealed that 93% of readers remembered having seen the News-Heartfile articles, and 87% of this group reported that the
    articles significantly supplemented their knowledge about diet, with comparative rates for physical activity and smoking at 77%
    and
    85%, respectively. Although self-reported, the rate of behaviour change was impressive – 40% claimed some dietary changes, 39%
    made changes in their levels of physical activity and 8% reduced their tobacco use.
    According to research, the average cost per article was US$ 169, suggesting a highly cost-effective approach, particularly in a low-
    resource setting. This multistakeholder approach, in which Heartfile and
    The News International
    were able to leverage their core
    competencies, provided important health outcomes.


    14
    Charter for Healthy Living
    (from left to right, top down) Margaret Hamburg, Commissioner, US Food and Drug Administration; Omar Ishrak, Chairman and CEO, Medtronic; Paul Bulcke, CEO, Nestle;
    Margaret Chan, Director General, World Health Organization; Rob Flaherty, CEO, Ketchum; Muhammad Ali Pate, Minister of State for Health of Nigeria; Enrique T. Ona, Minister
    of Health, Government of Philippines; Kenro Oshidari, Regional Director for Asia, United Nations World Food Programme; Malvinder Singh, Chairman, Fortis Healthcare; Helene
    D. Gayle, President and CEO, CARE USA; Chris Viehbacher, CEO, Sanofi; Gunilla Carlsson, Minister for International Development Cooperation of Sweden;Pablo Kuri Morales,
    Subsecretary of Prevention and Health Promotion of Mexico; Alexandre F Jetzer, Member Emeritus of the Board of Directors, Novartis International.


    16
    Charter for Healthy Living
    Table 1: Five types of multistakeholder action identified within the Charter
    Multistakeholder
    action
    Typical stakeholder
    action
    Potential multistakeholder action
    Build awareness for
    Healthy Living and
    NCD prevention
    and control
    A teacher talks about the
    importance of a healthy
    diet and physical activity
    in class
    A multistakeholder school initiative implements an integrated school policy with
    the following initiatives:


    National Curriculum is changed to include more physical education


    An online game on Healthy Living is developed through a consortium of
    companies and disseminated through schools’ activities


    School menu is changed; partner companies sponsor healthy food options
    Improve availability
    of (and access
    to) products and
    services
    A local health body offers
    a single free diabetes
    screening event in
    pharmacies
    A multistakeholder initiative to enable regular diabetes screening and ensure
    follow-up with diagnosed patients:


    A local healthcare chain aligns with local governments to pool resources
    and infrastructure for regular screening events and targets newly diagnosed
    diabetes patients


    An awareness campaign is implemented through social media, print, TV,
    billboards, SMS, etc.


    A telecom company provides SMS to alert all users of the diabetes
    screening activities


    Employers provide time and transportation to allow employees to take
    advantage of screening service
    Create innovative
    incentives and
    supportive
    environments
    A health insurer and
    health provider team
    up to offer discounted
    prices in weight loss
    programmes
    A multistakeholder initiative is set up to provide a full set of incentives for healthy
    weight:


    A consortium, including retailers, restaurants and coffee shops, coordinates
    purchasing efforts so they can offer cheaper healthier foods


    Municipalities work closely with recreational community centres to offer
    physical activity opportunities


    Health providers and insurers align on incentives that reward health-
    promoting behaviours


    Municipalities require a mandatory health impact assessment as part of
    urban policy design


    A consortium of NGOs develops a “health recommended label” that
    recognizes healthier products
    Invest in
    professional
    capacity building
    A university offers an
    executive programme on
    health promotion
    The government, academia, civil society and private sector work together to:


    Assess the needs of the regional and national workforce to support
    multistakeholder collaborations for health


    Develop a joint programme for knowledge transfer across stakeholders


    Pool resources for national-level delivery of training
    Advance knowledge
    through science
    and research
    Government publishes
    standards and health
    recommendations
    Multistakeholder action, including academia, patient advocacy groups, private
    sector and the government, creates resources for public use:


    Jointly build a database of best practices on Healthy Living


    Incentives for monitoring and evaluating activities and programmes


    Incentives for stakeholders who share their data (e.g. positions on technical
    or implementation boards, staff exchange programmes)


    17
    Charter for Healthy Living
    The Charter will catalyse concrete action
    Health and Healthy Living are the world’s greatest political and
    social challenges. Stakeholders need to use the Charter for
    Healthy Living to act decisively to address Healthy Living and allow
    health to become a driver of economic growth. In the coming
    years, the Healthy Living initiative will facilitate multistakeholder
    actions for which there is clear support from all stakeholders.
    To help stakeholders initiate and manage multistakeholder action
    for Healthy Living, the Forum and PAHO, in collaboration with Bain
    & Company, have also developed a “Toolkit for Multistakeholder
    Action”. The Toolkit is based on a simple six-block framework to
    help collaborations structure their work. It provides step-by-step
    guidelines, hands-on templates and case studies to illustrate
    solutions to the core challenges of multistakeholder action (for
    more details, see Appendix B).
    To date, the Toolkit has been shared with representatives from all
    stakeholder groups, and two opportunities for multistakeholder
    action have been catalysed in Mexico and India. Interested
    stakeholders are currently scoping and preparing needs
    assessments to better understand the requirements for action, and
    the process will move forward in 2013.
    Figure 5: Six building blocks for multistakeholder action as described in the Toolkit for Multistakeholder Action
    Source:
    World Economic Forum, Bain & Company
    To ensure progress on these diseases, we
    need enlightened self-interest and
    enlightened leadership. Not taking action
    is morally unacceptable and economically
    unsustainable.
    Margaret Chan
    , Director General, World Health Organization
    Be part of the paradigm shift towards Healthy Living
    Taking real action will require enlightened leadership that balances
    short-term realities and long-term Healthy Living goals. Every
    stakeholder – public sector, private sector and civil society – has an
    essential role to play in creating sustainable changes to promote
    Healthy Living.
    In 2012, the Forum began engaging stakeholders, and in 2013 will
    seek additional support and opportunities to translate the Charter
    into action. The Forum would like to invite all stakeholders and
    sectors to engage in our Healthy Living dialogues and embark on
    this journey towards Healthy Living.
    4

    MU
    N
    Understand
    Align
    and
    Design
    Mobilize
    Build
    and
    Train
    Deliver
    Evaluate
    and
    Sustain
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    1
    -W
    hat is the objective of the joint action?
    -W
    hat exactly are we going to do?
    -W
    hat is our concept?

    -
    How do we measure

    outcomes?
    -
    How do we ensure lasting

    impact?
    -W
    hat is our common vision and ambition?
    -
    How do we start the collaboration?
    -W
    ho is providing the resources?

    -W
    ho should be involved?
    -W
    hat is the stakeholder
    value proposition?
    -
    How do we secure active
    engagement?

    -W
    hat is our local Healthy Living situation?
    -W
    hich interventions are in place?

    -W
    hat can we learn from others?
    -W
    hat is our
    workplan
    ?

    -W
    hat are the key implementation risks?

    -
    How do we communicate our successes?


    18
    Charter for Healthy Living
    Appendix A: Examples of contributions to Healthy Living by
    non-health sectors
    Sector
    Why and how can the sector contribute to Healthy Living?
    Agriculture
    The agriculture sector can be a powerful ally for Healthy Living through the promotion of healthy diets.
    Aligning policies and activities, such as nutrition education, school and rooftop gardens, or promoting
    urban and peri-urban agricultural projects has a huge potential to increase the consumption of fresh fruits
    and vegetables and improve the quality of dietary patterns while also representing a source of income for
    families. Furthermore, developing innovative ways to bring the direct and indirect outputs of the agriculture
    industry directly to consumers presents a win-win situation; the industry would have increased demand,
    and thus increased profit, and a larger proportion of populations would practise healthy diets. Partnerships
    across non-health industries can also contribute to Healthy Living: the agriculture and the restaurant/
    catering industries could, through successful collaboration, provide healthier affordable menu options.
    Education and
    communication
    Education and communication are important to build health literacy and strengthen the population-
    level knowledge on the links between everyday behaviours and health. In particular, education and
    communication play important roles at all levels of Healthy Living action, from prevention to risk factor
    response to healthcare treatment and rehabilitation. Aligning these sectors is particularly important for the
    development of clear, accurate and consistent messages. Early education makes Healthy Living and its
    values a natural part of our social culture. Social and mass media campaigns are effective and cost-efficient
    methods of increasing awareness on specific risk factors and promoting health-conducive behaviours.
    Accurate education in schools, communities and the workplace on health behaviours and their potential
    benefits could lead to a population-level reduction in Healthy Living risk factors. Communication strategies
    remind us of the need for health maintenance, and partnering with the communication sector presents
    innovative opportunities to cost-effectively encourage rehabilitation and treatment through SMS and e-mail.
    Infrastructure,
    urban planning and
    transportation
    Urban planning, e.g. through community and street designs that incorporate parks, wide sidewalks and
    bike lanes, can make physical activity safer and more pleasant and thus incentivize communities to be
    more active with tremendous health benefits (Anderson et al., 2011). Transportation can, with traffic-
    calming measures (e.g. speed bumps) and efficient public systems, also encourage physical activity and
    environmental sustainability. When working in coordination with one another, the infrastructure, urban
    planning and transportation sectors have the potential to logistically increase the availability of healthy
    products and ease access to quality health promotion and care services.
    Labour systems
    Workplace health promotion programmes can promote healthy behaviours through incentives such as
    workplace health screenings, promoting smoke-free workspaces or by providing healthy food options.
    Employers benefit from these programmes through increased employee productivity, improved corporate
    image and reduced healthcare costs. At a larger system level, healthy labour systems imply secure and
    sustainable employment, which significantly impacts the well-being and health of a population. Without
    secure employment, people are unable to financially support healthy diets or have sufficient time to practice
    physical activity; with insufficient structures for stress management, they may pursue risky behaviours such
    as the harmful use of alcohol.
    Producers and
    retailers
    As the sector that the population perhaps most frequently comes in contact with, producers and retailers
    can uniquely affect the health of a population simply through the availability and pricing of its products. Price
    promotion strategies, product placement and point-of-sale information can positively influence patterns
    of in-store consumer behaviour by encouraging healthier choices and healthy activities. Without healthy
    food options to buy or physical activity paraphernalia, consumers can’t practice healthy diets or lifestyles.
    Without access to affordable medication or health equipment, individuals are unable to proactively manage
    their health.
    Social welfare
    systems
    The illness and disability imposed by NCDs threaten the stability and sustainability of health and social
    protection systems. Social issues such as poverty, employment, home and physical security have indirect,
    yet powerful, implications for the capacity to practice healthy behaviours. Populations vulnerable to these
    social issues will find it particularly challenging to implement health maintenance and response behaviours.
    Coordinating with social welfare systems increases the available healthy options for these individuals in a
    realistic form and at an affordable cost. Moreover, once individuals are affected by a chronic condition, their
    ability to work can be severely reduced, while their need for social welfare support increases. Therefore
    it is in the interest of these systems to maintain the population with the highest level of health possible,
    especially working-age individuals in the labour force and ageing groups in their retirement years.
    Trade
    Trade agreements can impact the price, availability and access of foods, beverages, technologies, drugs
    and other products. Hence, trade can play a key role in influencing the health environment. Information
    exchange between trade and other sectors can contribute to a better alignment of trade agreements and
    international policies with potential health outcomes.


    19
    Charter for Healthy Living
    Appendix B: Toolkit for Joint Action
    The idea to develop a “Toolkit for Multistakeholder Action” to
    support Healthy Living initiatives was developed at the World
    Economic Forum on Latin America in April 2012. The event held
    in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico gathered high-level decision-makers
    from the public and private sectors to share success stories of
    joint action in the region, discuss key challenges and opportunities
    for multistakeholder collaboration, and develop the “Charter for
    Healthy Living”. During the discussions in Mexico, it became clear
    that implementing joint actions at the local level can be challenging.
    Participants concluded that the Charter should be supplemented
    by a set of operational guidelines for multistakeholder
    collaborations.
    The guidelines – called “Multistakeholder Collaboration for Healthy
    Living - Toolkit for Joint Action” – were developed over the
    following months. The toolkit is structured as a pragmatic, hands-
    on guide that aims to serve as a resource for successfully planning,
    managing and sustaining joint action for Healthy Living. It consists
    of:


    A report that provides guidance about how to successfully plan
    and manage the six building blocks for multistakeholder action
    (Figure 5)


    An Annex with more than 30 templates that can be used
    by Healthy Living project teams to prepare for key project
    meetings and milestones
    The toolkit is available in a version 1.0 and will be refined and
    updated as more experience with multistakeholder action for
    Healthy Living is accumulated.
    The toolkit is structured around six building blocks:
    1.

    Understand
    “Understand” is a situational analysis that provides the foundation
    for relevant and coordinated Healthy Living action. It starts with
    a guide on how to assess the local Healthy Living challenge
    and local healthcare infrastructure. Teams working on a specific
    initiative may choose to conduct only a brief or highly focused
    analysis, but obtaining a shared “big picture” view of local Healthy
    Living challenges is strongly recommended. The building block
    also includes a tool to map the local interventions landscape
    and guidance on how to learn from other initiatives to prevent
    “reinventing the wheel”. Finally, it provides a framework to identify
    priority areas for joint action so that resources can be used
    effectively.
    2.

    Align and Design
    This building block describes how to develop a solid and culturally
    adapted concept for Healthy Living action and how to identify
    the right set of stakeholders to deliver the action. It starts with a
    framework for concept design that addresses both basic elements
    (e.g. location and target group) but also differentiates components
    that specify how to achieve behaviour change, mobilize
    communities and integrate innovative elements. It also includes
    frameworks to identify the right set of stakeholders from the public
    sector, private sector and civil society and articulate the rationale
    for participation and potential value added by each stakeholder
    type.
    3.

    Mobilize
    “Mobilize” provides guidance on how to bring multiple partners
    together and align them with a common vision and shared values.
    It starts with a pragmatic checklist for a successful “kick-off”
    meeting for the initial working group. This building block describes
    how to define a common vision and provides an example of a value
    statement specific to multistakeholder collaborations for Healthy
    Living. Finally, it provides a framework to help select partners with
    the best “fit” with the collaboration and offers advice on how to get
    them on board.
    4.

    Build and Train
    “Build and Train” offers practical tools on how to effectively set
    up and manage a multistakeholder collaboration. It starts with
    a framework to define the governance structure and roles and
    responsibilities. It then introduces the “championship spine”
    concept, which can greatly accelerate momentum within the
    collaboration and beyond. This building block also addresses
    collaboration agreements and offers templates to define resource
    mechanisms and benefit sharing. Finally, it offers a way to handle
    conflicts of interest and suggests a training plan that incorporates
    both trainings to ensure effective collaboration and operational
    trainings to implement the Healthy Living action.
    5.

    Deliver
    This building block is about “how to get it done” – how to
    effectively manage the collaboration throughout a joint action. It
    suggests a milestone-based approach for the joint action and
    provides a checklist for go/no go decisions. It also includes
    pragmatic templates for day-to-day project management and
    provides advice on internal communication. Finally, it introduces
    the RAPID
    ®
    methodology to ensure effective decision-making in
    complex settings.
    6.

    Evaluate and Sustain
    The final building block provides guidance on how to ensure a
    lasting impact on Healthy Living – a great challenge for many
    collaborations. It suggests a menu of metrics that can be used to
    track outcomes, covering awareness and knowledge, behavioural
    changes, physical changes and ultimately NCD prevalence and
    mortality. It also offers tools to identify and manage implementation
    risks and check the “health” of the collaboration. Finally, it provides
    a checklist of success factors to sustain the collaboration and
    a framework to capture learnings and share them with other
    collaborations.
    The Toolkit for Multistakeholder Action
    provides pragmatic guidance for
    stakeholders, focusing in the most
    important aspects of multistakeholder
    collaboration. It puts aside the typical
    project management frameworks and
    presents concepts that everyone can
    understand.
    Pablo Kuri Morales
    , Subsecretary of Prevention and Health
    Promotion of Mexico


    20
    Charter for Healthy Living
    Contributors
    The members listed below contributed leadership, technical expertise and extensive time to the Charter for Healthy Living through their
    engagement in the Working Group and the High-level Steering Board.
    High-level Steering Board
    Co-Chairs
    Paul Bulcke
    , Chief Executive Officer, Nestlé
    Christopher Viehbacher
    , Chief Executive Officer, Sanofi
    Salman Amin
    , Executive President and Chief Marketing Officer, Pepsi Co
    Rob Flaherty
    , Chief Executive Officer, Ketchum
    Julio Frenk
    , Dean, Harvard School Public Health
    Adrian Gore
    , Chief Executive Officer, Discovery Holdings
    Robert Greenhill
    ,
    Managing Director and Chief Business Officer, World Economic Forum
    George Halvorson
    , Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Kaiser Permanente
    Margaret Hamburg
    , Commissioner, USA Food and Drugs Administration
    Lonny Reisman
    , Chief Medical Officer, Aetna
    Martin Seychell
    , Deputy Director General DG SANCO, European Commission
    Josette Sheeran
    , Vice-Chairman and Member of the Managing Board, World Economic Forum
    Daljit Singh
    , President, Fortis Healthcare
    Paul Stoffels
    , Worldwide Chairman, Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson
    Jean-François van Boxmeer
    , Chairman of the Executive Board and CEO, Heineken
    Working Group
    Ray Baxter
    , President, Kaiser Permanente International and Senior Vice-President, Community Benefit, Research and Health Policy, Kaiser
    Permanente
    Martin Bernhardt
    , Vice President Relations with International Institutions, Sanofi
    Michael Goltzman
    , Vice-President, International Government Relations and Public Affairs, The Coca Cola Company
    James Hospedales
    , Coordinator Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Pan American Health Organization

    Pablo Kuri Morales
    , Subsecretary of Prevention and Health Promotion, Secretariat of Health of Mexico
    Petra Laux
    , Head Global Public & Government Affairs, Novartis International
    Peter Lurie
    , Senior Advisor, Office of the Commissioner, Food and Drugs Administration, US
    Conor McKechnie
    , Director, Global Public Affairs, GE Healthcare
    Johanna Ralston
    , Chief Executive Officer, World Heart Federation/ NCD Alliance

    Scott Ratzan
    , Vice-President, Global Health, Government Affairs and Policy, Johnson & Johnson
    Janet Voute
    , Vice President Public Affairs, Nestle
    Derek Yach
    , Senior Vice-President, The Vitality Group Inc
    Paul Boykas
    , Vice-President, Global Public Policy and Government Affairs, PepsiCo Inc

    This report has been prepared by the World Economic Forum with the support of Bain and Company
    World Economic Forum
    Eva Jané-Llopis
    , Director, Head of Health Programmes
    Vanessa Candeias
    , Senior Project Manager Healthy Living
    Rosemary Harrison
    , Project Manager, Healthy Living, Secondee from Bain & Company
    YoungJoo Kang
    , Intern, Healthy Living
    Bain & Company
    Norbert Hueltenschmidt
    , Director, Global Head of Healthcare, Bain & Company
    Iris Danke
    , Manager, Bain & Company, Switzerland



    21
    Charter for Healthy Living
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    На смёпках с 1 Израильской

    Хочу переделать мир. Кто со мной?

  7. #27

    По умолчанию

    Друзья!
    Спешу поделиться с вами своим открытием. С большой долей уверенности могу заявить, что я нашел откуда выплыла эта статейка.

    На Давосском Форуме проходила маленькая сессия, организованная Федерацией Швейцарских Католических Церквей. На ней священники поднимали несколько вопросов, правомерность которых они оспаривают. Среди них присутствовал вопрос о правомерности использования эвтаназии, как средства улучшения качества жизни членов семьи больного. При этом они использовали словосочетание "паллиативная помощь больным и их семьям". "Паллиативная помощь" - новое для меня слово и я полез изучать его значение. Кто не засох мозгами, советую поинтересоваться этим значением.

    Видимо, какой-то дебил, который побоялся подписаться даже псевдонимом, и состряпал эту статейку. Осталось выяснить точную дату этой сессии и всё "завяжется".

    P.S
    Уважаемый Пумяух, а Вас не смутили формулировочки типа "долгожительство противоречит законам природы и закону о выживании сильнейшего" из уст "экспертов" Давосского Форума?
    И, где, так вами любимые правозащитники? Чего они молчат? Наверное и они любят котлетки из старичков.

  8. #28
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    По умолчанию

    Паллиативная помощь (от фр. palliatif от лат. pallium — покрывало, плащ) — это подход, позволяющий улучшить качество жизни пациентов и их семей, столкнувшихся с проблемами угрожающего жизни заболевания, путем предотвращения и облегчения страданий благодаря раннему выявлению, тщательной оценке и лечению боли и других физических симптомов, а также оказанию психосоциальной и духовной поддержки пациенту и его близким[1] .
    Термин «паллиативный» происходит от латинского «pallium», что имеет значение «маски» или «плаща». Это определяет содержание и философию паллиативной помощи: сглаживание — смягчение проявлений неизлечимой болезни и/или укрытие плащом — создание покрова для защиты тех, кто остался «в холоде и без защиты».
    Цели и задачи паллиативной помощи

    Паллиативная помощь:

    • облегчает боль и другие доставляющие беспокойство симптомы;
    • утверждает жизнь и относится к умиранию как к естественному процессу;
    • не стремится ни ускорить, ни отдалить наступление смерти;
    • включает психологические и духовные аспекты помощи пациентам;
    • предлагает пациентам систему поддержки, чтобы они могли жить насколько возможно активно до самой смерти;
    • предлагает систему поддержки близким пациента во время его болезни, а также в период тяжелой утраты;
    • использует мультидисциплинарный командный подход для удовлетворения потребностей пациентов и их родственников, в том числе в период тяжелой утраты, если возникает в этом необходимость;
    • повышает качество жизни и может также положительно повлиять на течение болезни;
    • применима на ранних стадиях заболевания в сочетании с другими методами лечения, направленными на продление жизни, например с химиотерапией, радиационной терапией, ВААРТ.
    • включает проведение исследований с целью лучшего понимания и лечения доставляющих беспокойство клинических симптомов и осложнений[1].

    Цели и задачи паллиативной помощи:

    • Адекватное обезболивание и купирование других тягостных симптомов.
    • Психологическая поддержка больного и ухаживающих за ним родственников.
    • Выработка отношения к смерти как к закономерному этапу пути человека.
    • Удовлетворение духовных потребностей больного и его близких.
    • Решение социальных и юридических, этических вопросов, которые возникают в связи с тяжёлой болезнью и приближением смерти человека[2].

    Паллиативная медицина

    Паллиативная медицина — раздел медицины, задачами которого является использование методов и достижений современной медицинской науки для проведения лечебных процедур и манипуляций, призванных облегчить состояние больного, когда возможности радикального лечения уже исчерпаны (паллиативные операции по поводу неоперабельного рака, обезболивание, купирование тягостных симптомов).
    Паллиативная помощь отличается от паллиативной медицины и включает в себя последнюю.
    Последний раз редактировалось Белая Хризантема**; 21.03.2013 в 16:27.
    В серебре лепестки хризантемы

    На смёпках со 104 Израильской



  9. #29
    Регистрация
    06.03.2006
    Адрес
    Петах-Тиква
    Сообщений
    105,486

    По умолчанию

    Надеюсь данная статья удовлетворит любопытных.
    Последний раз редактировалось Белая Хризантема**; 21.03.2013 в 16:34.
    В серебре лепестки хризантемы

    На смёпках со 104 Израильской



  10. #30

    По умолчанию

    Это реклама фонда? А на вашем форуме можно рекламировать частные фонды? У меня есть свой список. Можно?

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